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Automation Testing (Selenium) — Detailed Breakdown

1. Introduction to Automation Testing

• What is automation testing?
• Difference between manual and automation testing
• Benefits: speed, reliability, reusability, CI/CD integration
• When to automate & when not to

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2. Overview of Selenium

• What is Selenium?
• Selenium Suite Components:
  • Selenium WebDriver
  • Selenium IDE
  • Selenium Grid
• Advantages & limitations of Selenium

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3. Selenium WebDriver Basics

• WebDriver architecture
• Launching browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari)
• Locating elements:
  • ID, Name, ClassName, TagName, LinkText, PartialLinkText, CSS Selector, XPath
• Types of waits:
  • Implicit Wait
  • Explicit Wait
  • Fluent Wait

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4. Web Elements & User Interactions

• Click, sendKeys, clear
• Handling dropdowns (Select class)
• Handling checkboxes & radio buttons
• Actions class:
  • Mouse hover
  • Drag and drop
  • Right-click, double-click
• Keyboard actions

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5. Working with Web Page Components

• Alerts (accept, dismiss, prompt)
• Frames & iFrames
• Windows & Tabs handling
• File upload & download
• Handling dynamic elements

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6. Selenium with Java / Python

• Writing your first Selenium script
• Project setup using Maven / PIP
• Creating reusable functions
• Exception handling
• Logging with Log4j

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7. TestNG / PyTest Framework

• TestNG basics:
  • @Test, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod
  • Groups, Priority, Dependency
• Assertions
• Test suite XML
• Reporting
• PyTest (for Python):
  • Fixtures, markers, plugins

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8. Page Object Model (POM)

• What is POM?
• Benefits of POM
• PageFactory & @FindBy
• Implementing modular, scalable framework

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9. Data-Driven Testing

• Reading data from:
  • Excel
  • CSV
  • JSON
  • Database
• Apache POI for Excel
• Parameterization in TestNG

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10. Behavior-Driven Testing (BDD)

• Introduction to Cucumber
• Gherkin language — Given/When/Then
• Creating feature files
• Step definitions
• Runner classes

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11. Selenium Grid

• What is Selenium Grid?
• Node & Hub architecture
• Running tests in parallel
• Cross-browser testing

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12. CI/CD Integration

• Running Selenium with:
  • Jenkins
  • GitHub Actions
  • GitLab CI
• Automated job scheduling

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13. Reporting Tools

• Extent Reports
• Allure Reports
• TestNG default reports

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14. Advanced Selenium Concepts

• Handling Shadow DOM
• Working with WebDriverManager
• Headless browser automation
• Capturing screenshots & logs
• Smart waits & synchronization strategies

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15. Common Interview Questions

• Framework design questions
• XPath vs CSS selector
• StaleElementReferenceException solutions
• Page load strategy
• Test flakiness handling

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